47, XXY

People with 47, XXY have an extra chromosome. The X and Y chromosomes are the sex chromosomes. Females usually have two X chromosomes (46, XX) and males usually have one X and one Y chromosome (46, XY). People with 47, XXY have two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. Some people with 47, XXY may have no noticeable signs or symptoms (features) or only mild features. Others may have more moderate to severe features. Common symptoms of 47, XXY include low testosterone, infertility, speech and language problems, and learning difficulties. Although the majority of people with 47, XXY identify as males (gender identity), some people with 47, XXY identify as female, intersex, transgender, or prefer not to identify with a gender at all. A diagnosis of 47, XXY may be suspected by signs and symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing. Diagnosis may also be made during prenatal genetic testing or infertility testing.

People with 47, XXY are at an increased risk of developing diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmmune disorders, and certain mental health problems. Regular screening for these health problems is suggested. Although most males with 47, XXY are infertile, many produce sperm and may be able to conceive with assisted reproduction. A discussion about testosterone therapy with a pediatric endocrinologist is advised, even if the person with 47, XXY does not identify as male. Other features of 47, XXY may be managed by early intervention, speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, extra help in school, counseling, and social skills training.

Less commonly, some woman are found to be 47, XXY. In most of these cases, a change or mutation has been found in a gene that helps control male sexual development. Most often, women with 47, XXY are infertile, but in a few cases they have had children naturally.