Oral cancer

Oral cancer includes cancers of the mouth, lips, and oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth). Most cases are designated as squamous cell carcinomas because they begin in the flat cells (squamous cells) that cover the surfaces of the mouth, tongue, and lips. About 42,000 individuals in the United Stated are diagnosed with oral cancer each year. Most cases occur in people over age 40. Men are twice as likely to be affected as women. The use of alcohol and/or tobacco is associated with approximately 75 percent of oral cancers. Other risk factors include HPV, a sexually transmitted disease; increasing age; sun exposure; and a poor diet. Treatment for oral cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.