Mycobacterium Malmoense

M. Malmoense infection may be acquired by breathing in or ingesting the bacteria, or through trauma, such as an injury or surgical incision. People who have suppressed immune systems are at an increased risk for developing signs and symptoms from these infections.

Mycobacterium malmoense (M. malmoense) is a bacterium naturally found in the environment, such as in wet soil, house dust, water, dairy products, domestic and wild animals, food, and human waste. M. malmoense infections most often occur in adults with lung disease, and manifests as a lung infection. Skin and tissue infections with M. malmoense have also been described. In young children, M. Malmoense may cause an infection of lymphnodes in the neck (i.e., cervical lymphadenitis).

Currently there is not a well established guideline for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis due to M. malmoense infection. Treatment options may include, early excision, antimicrobial drug therapy, cervical drainage, combination therapy (e.g., antimicrobial drug therapy and surgical excision), or observation alone. We strongly recommend that you discus your child's treatment options with his or her healthcare provider.

Overall outlook for children with cervical lymphadenitis is typically good. Signs and symptoms of M. malmoense infections rage from asymptomatic (no symptoms) to long lasting draining abscesses. Most infections resolve within six months, however cases of prolonged infections (>1 year) have been described. Some infections resolve much quicker, such as within one week. Complications are uncommon, but may include scarring and facial nerve injury.